SEMESTER – II

Departmental Elective-II

SEMESTER – III

Departmental Elective-III

1. No. Subject Code Subject

• WCESL-6311 Bridge Engineering

• WCESL-6312 Advanced Foundation Engineering

Departmental Elective-IV

SEMESTER – IV

 Subject: Advanced Structural Analysis                         LTPC

Code: WCESL-6111                                                          4 004

UNIT 1: Matrix Algebra – methods for matrix inversion and solution of simultaneous equations – band and sparse matrix techniques stiffness and flexibility matrices of structural elements – various co-ordinate system and their transformation and synthesis matrix formulation of force and displacement methods – member approach.

UNIT 2: Finite element concept in Engineering Analysis – Displacement model shape functions and element properties. Analysis of plane stress/strain – axi-symmetric stress analysis.

UNIT 3: Weighted residual methods and variational formulation of Finite Element Analysis.

Isoparametric element –– Numerical integration – assemblage of elements. Solution techniques –

Finite element programming – use of package programmes.

REFERENCE BOOK

1 Numerical Methods for Engineers Chopra

2 Finite element procedure K.J.Bathe

3 Matrix analysis of frame structure Wever/Gere

4 Structural analysis – A matrix approach G.S.Pandit and Gupta

5 Numerical Methods for Engineers Steven C. Chapra, Raymond P. Canale

Subject: Bridge Engineering                                            L TPC

Code: WCESL-6112                                                          4  0 0 4

UNIT    1:

Introduction, historical review, Engineering and aesthetic requirements in bridge design, Introduction to bridge codes.

UNIT 2:

Economic evaluation of a bridge project. Site investigation and planning; Factors affecting scour and its evaluation.

UNIT 3:

Bridge foundations - open, pile, well and caisson. Piers, abutments and approach structures.

UNIT 4:

Superstructure - analysis and design of right, skew and curved slabs. Girder bridges - types, load distribution, design.

UNIT5:

Introduction to long span bridges - cantilever, arch, cable stayed and suspension bridges.

REFERENCE BOOK

1 Principle & Practice of Bridge Engineering S.P. Bindra- Dhanpat Rai

2 Bridge Engineering Demetrios E. Tonias, Jim J. Zhao

3 Design of Bridge Structures Jagadish & Jayaram – Prentice Hall

4 Bridge Engineering S. Ponnuswamy (Manohar Publishers & Distributor)

List of Experiments:

1. Determination of deflections in beams
2. Determination of shear centre for channel and angle section 

3. Verification of theorem of compatibility and comparison of deflections of a perfect and redundant truss 

4. Analysis of two and three hinged arches and fixed arches

REFERENCE BOOK

1. Kaushik, S.K. and Gupta, V.K. Structural Mechanical Laboratory Manual – 2000

Paper: Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures                                LTPC

Code: WCESL-6201                                                                                      4004

UNIT - I Engineering Seismology: Earthquake phenomenon cause of earthquakes-Faults- Plate tectonics-Seismic waves- Terms associated with earthquakes-Magnitude/Intensity of an earthquake-scales-Energy released-Earthquake measuring instruments-Seismo scope, Seismograph, accelero-graph-Characteristics of strong ground motions- Seismic zones of India.

UNIT - II Conceptual design: Introduction-Functional planning-Continuous load path-Overall form-simplicity and symmetry-elongated shapes-stiffness and strength-Horizontal and Vertical members-Twisting of buildings-Ductility-definition-ductility relationships flexible buildings-framing systems-choice of construction materials-unconfined concrete-confined concrete-masonry-reinforcing steel. Introduction to earthquake resistant design: Seismic design requirements-regular and irregular configurations-basic assumptions-design earthquake loads-basic load combinations-permissible stresses seismic methods of analysis-factors in seismic analysis-equivalent lateral force method dynamic analysis-response spectrum method-Time history method.     

UNIT - III Reinforced Concrete Buildings: Principles of earthquake resistant deign of RC members, Structural models for frame buildings- Seismic methods of analysis- Seismic deign methods- IS code based methods for seismic design- Seismic evaluation and retrofitting. Vertical irregularities- Plan configuration problems- Lateral load resisting systems. Determination of design lateral Forces-Equivalent lateral force procedure- Lateral distribution of base shear. Masonry Buildings: Introduction-Elastic properties of masonry assemblage- Categories of masonry buildings- Behavior of unreinforced and reinforced masonry walls- Behavior of walls-Box action and bands- Behavior of infill walls, Improving seismic behavior of masonry buildings-Load combinations and permissible Stresses-Seismic design requirements- Lateral load analysis of masonry buildings.

UNIT - IV Structural Walls and Non-Structural Elements: Strategies in the location of structural walls- sectional shapes- variations in elevation- cantilever walls without openings – Failure mechanism of non-structures- Effects of non-structural elements on structural system-Analysis of non-structural elements-Prevention of non-structural damage Isolation of non-structures.

UNIT - V Ductility Considerations in Earthquake Resistant Design of RC Buildings: Introduction Impact of Ductility- Requirements for Ductility- Assessment of Ductility- Factors affecting Ductility- Ductile detailing considerations as per IS 13920. Behavior of beams, columns and joints in RC buildings during Earthquakes-Vulnerability of open ground storey and short columns during earthquakes. Capacity Based Design: Introduction to Capacity Design, Capacity Design for Beams and Columns-Case studies.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Earthquake Resistant Design of structures – S. K. Duggal, Oxford University Press 

2. Earthquake Resistant Design of structures – Pankaj Agarwal and Manish Shrikhande, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. 

3. Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Building – T. Paulay and M.J.N. Priestly, John Wiley & Sons 

4. Masonry and Timber structures including earthquake Resistant Design –Anand S.Arya, Nem chand & Bros

Paper: Advance Concrete Technology                                            LTPC

Paper Code: WCESL-6202                                                                4004

Unit-I: Review of Materials of Concrete

Properties of fresh concrete:

Mixing and batching, Workability, factors affecting workability, Measurement of workability, various tests-segregation and bleeding. Vibration of concrete. Types of vibrators and their influence on composition.

Properties of Hardened concrete:

Maturity concept strength of concrete-factors effecting strength. Short terms and long terms properties of concrete Tests-Relationship between various mechanical strengths of concrete. Curing of concrete. Methods of curing. Stress- Strain curves for concrete.

Unit-II: Mix design of concrete

Basic consideration. Process of mix design. Factors in the choice of mix proportions and their influence. Quality control. Various methods of mix design. I.S. code method. British and ACI methods.

Unit-III: Admixtures used in concrete

Classification of admixtures. Chemical and mineral admixtures. Influence of various admixtures on properties of concrete. Applications. Concept of ready mixed concrete. Fly ash concrete-properties and proportion of fly ash applications. Durability of concrete.

Unit-IV: High Strength and High Performance Concrete

High Strength concrete. Light Weight Concrete and High Density Concrete-Specialties and applications, Recycled aggregate Concrete-Concept, properties and applications

Unit-V: Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Need for fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), Mechanism of FRC, Types of Fibers, Fibreshotcrete, Ferro cement, Self-Compacting Concrete-Design principles, Properties and applications, Quality control aspects of concrete.

REFERENCE BOOK

2. Krishnaraju N., Design of concrete Mix, CBS Publishers ,1985. 

3. Gambir M.L, Concrete Technology.

Paper: Advance Concrete Technology Lab                                          LTPC

Paper Code: WCESP-6202                                                                      0021

List of Experiments:

1. Determination of fineness of cement by specific surface by Blain’s Air Permeability method 

2. Determination of soundness of cement by Le-Chatalier’s apparatus 

3. Determination of three and seven days tensile and compressive strength of cement-sand mortar 
4. Determination of standard consistency of cement
5. Determination of initial and final setting times of cement
6. Determination of moisture content and bulking of fine aggregate
7. Determination of fineness modulus of coarse and fine aggregates
8. Determination of workability of cement concrete by (a) Slump test, (b) Compaction factor test
9. Determination of Modulus of Elasticity of concrete
10. Absorption test on concrete

Books Recommended/Suggested Reading:

1. Jain, A.K., Reinforced Concrete-Limit State Design, 6^th, Nem Chand & Bros - 2006
2. Pillai, S.U. and Menon, D., Reinforced Concrete Design, Tata McGraw- Hill - 2003
3. Shetty M.S., Concrete Technology S. Chand Company, New Delhi

Subject: Advanced Foundation Engineering                                                    LTPC

Code: WCESL-6211                                                                                            4004

UNIT 1:

Bearing capacity: Bearing capacity of shallow foundation in layered soils, Footings on slopes, Foundation with uplift or tension forces.

UNIT 2:

Settlements: Settlement Analysis of shallow foundations in sand, clay, and layered deposits, Reliability of settlement calculations, Structural tolerances.

UNIT 3:

Design of rectangular footings, combined footings and mat foundations.

UNIT 4:

Deep foundations: Pile foundations under vertical and lateral loads, Negative skin friction of piles; Uplift capacity of piles, Well foundations.

UNIT 5:

Foundations on expansive soils; Introduction to soil dynamics and machine foundation.

REFERENCE BOOK

1 Foundation Analysis & Design J.E. Bowels (Mc Graw Hill)

2 Principles of Foundation Engg. B.M. Das (PWS Publishing

3 Pile Foundation- Analysis & Design Poulus & Davis

4 Constructional methods in Foundation Engineering Koener

Foundation design and construction Tomlinson .M.J. 6 Raft foundation design and analysis with practical approach Gupta. S. C

Subject: Advanced Pre stressed Concrete                                      LTPC

Code: WCESL-6212                                                                              4004

UNIT 1. Introduction to pre stressed concrete: types of prestressing, systems and devices, materials, losses in prestress. Analysis of PSC flexural members: basic concepts, stresses at transfer and service loads, ultimate strength in flexure, code provisions.

UNIT 2: Statically determinate PSC beams: design for ultimate and serviceability limit states for flexure, analysis and design for shear and torsion, code provisions.

UNIT 3: Transmission of prestress in pretensioned members; Anchorage zone stresses for posttensioned members.

UNIT 4 : Statically indeterminate structures - Analysis and design - continuous beams and frames, choice of cable profile, linear transformation and concordancy.

UNIT 5: Composite construction with precast PSC beams and cast in-situ RC slab - Analysis and design, creep and shrinkage effects. Partial prestressing - principles, analysis and design concepts, crack width calculations. Analysis and design of prestressed concrete pipes, columns with moments.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1 Design of Prestressed Concrete Structures Lin T.Y., Asia Publishing House, 1955.

2 Prestressed Concrete Krishnaraju N., Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1981.

3 Limited State Design of Prestressed Concrete GuyanY., Applied Science Publishers, 1972 4 I

S: 1343- Code of Practice for Prestressed Concrete –

5 IRC: 112

Paper: Environment Impact Assessment                                                      LTPC

Paper Code: WCESL-6213                                                                              4004                    

Unit – I

Introduction: The Need for EIA, Indian Policies Requiring EIA, The EIA Cycle and Procedures, Screening, Scoping, Baseline Data, Impact Prediction, Assessment of Alternatives, Delineation of Mitigation Measure and EIA Report, Public Hearing, Decision Making, Monitoring the Clearance Conditions, Components of EIA, Roles in the EIA Process. Government of India

Unit – II

EIA Methodologies: Environmental attributes -Criteria for the selection of EIA methodology, impact identification, impact measurement, impact interpretation and Evaluation, impact communication, Methods-Adhoc methods, Checklists methods, Matrices methods, Networks methods, Overlays methods. EIA review- Baseline Conditions -Construction Stage Impacts, post project impacts.

Unit – III

Ministry of Environment and Forest Notification (2000), List of projects requiring Environmental clearance, Application form, Composition of Expert Committee, Ecological sensitive places, International agreements.

Unit – IV

Environmental Legislation and Life cycle Assessment: Environmental laws and protection acts, Constitutional provisions-powers and functions of Central and State government, The Environment (Protection) Act 1986, The Water Act 1974, The Air act 1981, Wild Life act 1972, Guidelines for control of noise, loss of biodiversity, solid and Hazardous waste management rules. Life cycle assessment: Life cycle analysis, Methodology, Management, Flow of materials- cost criteria-case studies.

Unit – V

Case Studies: Preparation of EIA for developmental projects- Factors to be considered in making assessment decisions, Water Resources Project, Pharmaceutical industry, thermal plant, Nuclear fuel complex, Highway project, Sewage treatment plant, Municipal Solid waste processing plant, Air ports.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Jain, R.K., Urban, L.V., Stracy, G.S., Environmental Impact Analysis, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1991. 

2. Rau, J.G. and Wooten, D.C., Environmental Impact Assessment, McGraw Hill Pub. Co., New York, 1996.

Paper: Finite Element Method                                LTPC

Code: WCESL-6215                                                  4004

UNIT I Introduction: Concepts of FEM - steps involved - merits and demerits - energy principles– discrimination - Raleigh - Ritz method of functional approximation. Principles of Elasticity: Stress equations - strain displacement relationships in matrix form plane stress, plane strain and axi-symmetric bodies of revolution with axisymmetric loading.

UNIT II One dimensional FEM: Stiffness matrix for beam and bar elements - shape functions foe ID elements. Two dimensional FEM: Different types of elements for plane stress and plane strain analysis - displacement models - generalized coordinates - shape functions - convergent and compatibility requirements - geometric invariance - natural coordinate system - area and volume coordinates - generation of element stiffness and nodal load matrices

UNIT III Isoparametric formulation: Concept - different isoparametric elements for 2D analysis - formulation of 4-noded and 8-noded isoparametric quadrilateral elements - Lagrange elements - serendipity elements. Axi Symmetric Analysis: bodies of revolution - axi symmetric modeling - strain displacement relationship - formulation of axi symmetric elements. Three dimensional FEM: Different 3-D elements-strain-displacement relationship– formulation of hexahedral and isoparametric solid element.

UNIT IV Introduction to Finite Element Analysis of Plates: basic theory of plate bending - thin plate theory - stress resultants - Mindlin's approximations - formulation of 4-noded isoperimetric quadrilateral plate element – Shell Element.

UNIT V Introduction to non – linear analysis – basic methods – application to Special structures.

REFERENCES BOOKS:

1. Concepts and Applications of Finite Element Analysis by Robert D.Cook, David S. Malkus and Michael E. Plesha, John Wiley & Sons.
2. Finite element Methods by OC Zienkiewicz
3. Finite element analysis, theory and progarmming by GS Krishna Murthy.
4. Introduction to Finite element Method by Tirupathi Chandra Patila and Belugunudu.
5. Introduction to Finite element Method by JN Reddy

Paper: Stability of Structures                                                  LTPC

Code: WCESL-6311                                                                  4004

UNIT I Beam Columns: Differential equations for beam columns- beam columns with concentrated loads – continuous lateral loads-couples- beam columns with built in ends – continuous beams with axial load – application of trigonometrically series – Effects of initial curvature on deflections – Determination of allowable stresses.

UNIT - II Elastic Buckling of bars and frames: Elastic Buckling of straight columns – Effect of shear stress on buckling – Eccentrically and laterally loaded columns- Buckling of frames-large deflections of buckled bars-Energy methods- Buckling of bars on elastic foundations- Buckle line of bar with intermediate compressive forces - Buckling of bars with change in cross-section– Effect of shear force on critical load- built up columns.

UNIT - III In-Elastic Buckling: Buckle line of straight bar- Double modulus theory – Tangent modulus theory, Inelastic lateral Buckling. Experiments and design formulae: Experiments on columns – Critical stress diagram – Empirical formulae for design – various end conditions.

UNIT - IV Torsion Buckling: Pure torsion of thin walled bars of open cross section – Non- uniform torsion of thin walled bars of open cross section- Torsional buckling – Buckling by torsion and flexure.

UNIT – V Lateral buckling of simply supported Beams: Beams of Rectangular cross-section subjected to pure bending. Buckling of simply supported Rectangular plates: Derivation of equation of plate subjected to constant compression in one and two directions.

REFERENCES BOOKS

1. Theory of elastic Stability by Timshenko & Gere-Mc Graw Hill
2. Stability of metallic structures by Blunch- Mc Graw Hill
3. Theory of Beam- Columns Vol I by Chem. & Atste Mc. Graw Hill

Paper: Advance Concrete Design                                                  LTPC

Paper Code: WCESL-6312                                                              4004

Unit 1

Yield line theory for slabs – Basic principles – methods of yield line analysis. Deep beams – analysis – design as per BIS – design using strut and tie method. Chimneys: Analysis of stresses in concrete chimneys – uncracked and cracked sections – codal provisions – design of chimney.

Unit 2

Large span concrete roofs: Introduction – classification – behaviour of flat slabs – direct design and equivalent frame method – codal provisions – waffle slabs. Shells and Folded plates: Forms of shells and folded plates – structural behaviour of cylindrical shell and folded plate – method of analysis – membrane analysis – beam arch approximation – codal provisions – design of simply supported circular cylindrical long shells and folded plates.

Unit 3

Bridges: General – IRC Bridge code – loading standards – impact effect – wind load – longitudinal forces – centrifugal forces – force due to water currents – buoyancy effect – temperature effects – secondary stresses – erection – seismic force. Design of slab culvert – R.C box culverts – T-beam bridges – Concept on design of continuous bridges, balanced cantilever bridges, arch bridges and rigid frame bridges.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Krishnaraju, “Advanced Reinforced Concrete Design”, CBS Publisher, 2013.
2. L. Gambhir, “Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures”, PHI Learning, 2009.
3. BIS codes (IS 456, IS 2210, IS 4998, IS 3370, SP 16, SP 24, SP 34)
4. IRC Codes (IRC 5, IRC 6, IRC 21)
5. Earthquake –Resistant Design of Masonry Building –Miha Tomazevic, Imperial college Press.
6. Earthquake Tips – Learning Earthquake Design and Construction C.V.R. Murty

Papar: Plastic Analysis & Design                                            x                                                 

Code: WCESL-6314                                                                  4004

UNIT – I Analysis of Structures for Ultimate Load: Fundamental Principles – statical method of Analysis – Mechanism method of analysis – Method of analysis, Moment check – Carry over factor – Moment Balancing Method.

UNIT - II Design of Continuous Beams: Continuous Beams of uniform section throughout – Continuous Beams with different cross-sections.

UNIT - III Secondary Design Problems: Introduction – Influence of Axial force on the plastic moment – influence of shear force – local buckling of flanges and webs – lateral buckling – column stability.

UNIT - IV Design of Connections: Introduction – requirement for connections – straight corner connections – Haunched connection – Interior Beam-Column connections.

UNIT - V Design of Steel Frames: Introduction – Sinole span frames – simplified procedures for Sinole span frames – Design of Gable frames with Haunched Connection. Ultimate Deflections: Introduction – Deflection at ultimate load – Deflection at working load – Deflections of Beams and Sinole span frames.

REFERENCE BOOK

1. Plastic Design of Steel Frames, L.S.Beedle.
2. Plastic Analysis, B.G.Neal.
3. Plastic Analysis, Horve.

Paper: Composite Material                                                                                                                                  L T P C

Code: WCESL-6315                                                                                                                                                 4 0 0 4

UNIT 1 Introduction: Requirements of structural materials, influence of nature of materials in structural form, Nature of structural materials- Homogeneous materials, composite materials. UNIT - II Macro mechanical Properties of composite Laminae: Introduction, Assumptions and Idealizations, Stress Strain relationships for composite Laminae- Isotropic, Orthotropic laminae, Strength Characteristics- Basic concepts, Strength hypothesis for isotropic and Orthotropic laminae. Macro mechanical composite Laminae: Introduction, and Limitations, Analysis of Assumptions characteristics of glass reinforced laminaeStiffness Stress- Strain relationships in continuous, discontinuous fibre laminae, Strength discontinuous characteristi cs of glass reinforced laminaeStrengths in continuous, fibre laminae.

UNIT - III Behaviour of Glass Fibre-Reinforced laminates: Introduction, Stiffness characteristics of Laminated composites-Behaviour of Laminated beams and plates, Strength characteristics of Laminated composites- Strength analysis and failure criteria, Effect of inter laminar structures. Glass Reinforced Composites: Introduction, Continuously reinforced laminates- uni-directionally and multi directionally continuously reinforced laminates, Discontinuously reinforced laminates – Stiffness and Strength properties.

UNIT - IV GRP properties relevant to structural Design: Introduction, Short-term strength and stiffness-Tensile, Compressive, Flexural and Shearing. Long term strength and stiffness properties, Temperature effects, Effect of fire, Structural jointsAdhesive, mechanical, Combinational, Transformed sections.

UNIT - V Design of GRP Box Beams: Introduction, loading, span and cross-sectional shape, Selection of material, Beam manufacture, Beam stresses, Experimental Behaviour, Effect on Beam performance-Modulus of Elasticity, Compressive Strength, I value, prevention of compression buckling failure, Behaviour under long term loading. Design of Stressed skinned roof structure: Introduction, loading and material properties, preliminary design, and computer analysis.

REFERENCE BOOK

1. GRP in Structural Engineering M.Holmes and D.J.Just.
2. Mechanics of Composite materials and Structures by Manjunath Mukhopadhyay; Universities Press.